When a dignified figure in red bishop’s robes rides into Amsterdam on a white horse every November, the season officially begins.
That figure is Sinterklaas, one of the most recognisable characters in Dutch tradition.
His annual arrival blends history, folklore and community celebration, drawing families throughout the city.
This article explains the real Saint Nicholas behind Sinterklaas, how the tradition developed, how it relates to Santa Claus and what happens during the yearly arrival in Amsterdam.
Table of Contents
Who was the historical Saint Nicholas?
Saint Nicholas was a fourth-century Christian bishop from Myra in what is now southwestern Turkey.
Traditional accounts place his birth on 15 March 270 and his death on 6 December 343.
He became widely known for generosity and charitable deeds, which inspired gift-giving traditions across Europe.
Over time, these stories formed the foundation of the Dutch Sinterklaas celebration.
How did Saint Nicholas become Sinterklaas in Dutch tradition?
Stories about Saint Nicholas were adapted over centuries into local customs throughout the Low Countries.
These stories gradually took the form of Sinterklaas, an elderly bearded bishop who rewards kind children with gifts and sweets.
This version preserved religious symbolism while developing into a community holiday figure celebrated on 5 December.
Why is Spain part of the Sinterklaas story?
Two historical developments are often mixed together.
First, the relics of Saint Nicholas were moved from Myra to Bari in southern Italy in 1087.
Bari later became part of territories controlled by Spain in the early sixteenth century, long after the relics had arrived there.
Since more than four centuries separate the relic translation from Spanish rule, the presence of the relics in Bari is not the reason Sinterklaas is said to come from Spain.
The idea that Sinterklaas arrives from Spain is a later cultural detail that grew within Dutch folklore rather than a literal historical connection.
How is Sinterklaas related to Santa Claus?
Although their names sound similar, Sinterklaas and Santa Claus evolved into different figures.
Sinterklaas is closely tied to the stories of Saint Nicholas and Dutch customs centred on 5 December.
Santa Claus in North America developed from a blend of Dutch Sinterklaas, English Father Christmas and other European traditions.
The modern Santa image, known for the red suit and cheerful appearance, became widely recognised through art, literature and popular media during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
What happens when Sinterklaas arrives in Amsterdam?
The annual arrival of Sinterklaas, known as the Sinterklaas Intocht, is one of Amsterdam’s most popular seasonal events.
Each November, he arrives by boat and is welcomed by crowds along the waterfront.
A parade follows through the city, supported by his helpers who interact with children and hand out sweets.
After the arrival, celebrations continue until 5 December, known as Pakjesavond.
Children place shoes near fireplaces or doors in the evenings, hoping to find small gifts the next morning.
Who are the Pieten?
The helpers of Sinterklaas are called Pieten. Traditionally, they were portrayed as quick and agile characters who assisted with climbing chimneys and distributing sweets.
In recent years, communities have adjusted the portrayal of Pieten to reflect modern cultural expectations while keeping their festive and playful role within the celebration.
Key historical points
- Saint Nicholas lived from 15 March 270 to 6 December 343.
- His relics were moved from Myra to Bari in 1087.
- Bari came under Spanish rule only in the early sixteenth century.
- The idea that Sinterklaas comes from Spain is a later folkloric addition.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. Does Sinterklaas really come from Spain?
No. The Spain connection is a traditional storytelling element rather than a historical fact. It forms part of Dutch folklore and helps shape the narrative of his annual arrival.
Q. When is Sinterklaas celebrated?
His arrival takes place in November, followed by gift-giving on 5 December during Pakjesavond.
Q. What is Pakjesavond?
Pakjesavond is the evening when families exchange gifts, enjoy seasonal treats and participate in festive activities.
Q. Why do children place shoes out at night?
Children leave a shoe by the fireplace or door in the hope that Sinterklaas or his helpers will leave small gifts or sweets inside.
Q. Who are the Pieten today?
Pieten continue to appear as the helpers of Sinterklaas, with modern portrayals adjusted to meet current cultural expectations while maintaining their friendly and energetic character.
What Other Celebrations Can You Explore in Amsterdam?
If you are interested in the Sinterklaas tradition, you may also enjoy discovering other seasonal highlights throughout the city.
Amsterdam hosts cultural festivals, historical commemorations and community events across the entire year.
To explore the full calendar and find celebrations that match your visit, see our dedicated guide to events and celebrations in Amsterdam.